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Mont
Saint Michel
The history of the Mount Saint Michael Go up
starts with a legend it even closely related to that of
Assembles Gargano, in Pouilles (Italy):
At the beginning of VIIIème century, in 708, Aubert,
bishop of Avranches, following
an appearance of the Mount Saint Michael archangel receives
the order to build a building in which the merits of the
archangel would be rented. The poor bishop believing to
follir does not dare anything to make and decides to wait.
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One second time the archangel
appears to him, and Aubert always doubts. But with the third
appearance of the archangel plus any doubt does not remain
with the spirit of the bishop, bus the Mount Saint Michael, furious
not to be listened leaves in Aubert a proof of its capacity:
in cranium of the bishop appears a circular hole. But the
bishop should not suffer from it too much because he will
die only of the years later. Today the cranium of Aubert
is preserved in the basilica of Avranches. Is this history
true or false? Nobody can bring the proof which will tip
the scales on a side or other. At all events, the unquestionable
bishop that these visions were not to put on the account
of the madness, undertakes the work ordered by the archangel.
He makes build a small oratory in form of cave which can
contain a hundred people. There remain nothing of this construction
except a visible wall in one of the rooms of the abbey (Notre
Dame under ground). In 709, construction of a small church
by Aubert. |
During two centuries of the canons
will accomodate the pilgrims but with the wire of time they
will forsake their mission. Mow of this thing the duke of
Normandy, Richard 1st, decides to replace the canons by
monks Benedictines come from the abbey of Saint-Wandrille.
That occurs into 966, it is this year which is appointed
like that of the foundation of the abbey. The Benedictines
are large builders. They make build a church and some buildings.
The pilgrims flow increasingly many and the fame of the
Mount Saint Michael Mount does not delay to be known from all the
kingdom. Per time of fog, many pilgrims lose themselves
on the strikes and perish drowned. Moreover, the dye sticks,
kinds of moving sands, bury the imprudent ones which venture
in bay without the assistance of a guide. With the foot
of the abbey, a small city is built. The houses for the
wood majority are used to accomodate the pilgrims. At the
beginning of the millenium the trade of hotel thus exists
already with the Mount Saint Michael Mount. At the top of the rock,
the monks as for them do not waste their time, thanks to
many gifts, they build a vast church and several additional
buildings: refectory (place where the monks take their meals),
dormitory (place where they sleep), a room of work, a promenade
(place of relaxation), a chaplaincy (place where the poor
are received and receive the alms which often consists of
a light meal). When the duke of Normandy William the Conqueror
decides to invade England, it asks its assistance the abbot
of the Mount. This one made arm four boats. After the victory
of Hastings, Guillaume as a sign of recognition will make
gift of several English territories to the abbey. In one
century the abbey considerably grew rich and increased.
But at this beginning of XIIème centuries, misfortunes
will follow one another. In 1103 the northern side of the
nave of the church breaks down. Ten years later a fire is
declared in a house of the city. Fire is propagated house
in house and ends up reaching the abbey. Less than twenty
years after this catastrophe a new fire ignites the abbey
again. This time too is for the monks who slacken themselves
and do not make their office seriously any more. |
| However a man only manages to him to give again
with the abbey his former glare: Robert de Thorigny, elected
official abbot in 1154. Diplomat it manages to reconcile the
king of France with the duke of Normandy. Scholar, it acquires
a significant number of books (the books at that time have
much value) and writes some of them. Builder, it makes build
several buildings including one vaster chaplaincy to accomodate
more pilgrims. With his death the abbot Robert de Thorigny
leaves a more powerful abbey, richer and completely revitalized
at the spiritual level. At the beginning of XIIIème
century, the duke of Normandy and the king of France enter
in war. The Breton ones combined for the occasion with king
de France assemble an army and go towards the Go up which
they ignite. In 1204 Normandy is attached to the kingdom of
France. |
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The king of France Philippe-Auguste,
to compensate the monastery for the injury caused by the
Breton ones allocates a strong amount of money to the abbey.
This money is immediately invested in the construction of
the Wonder. The construction of this building on a ground
also not very favourable (the ground is inclined) is a genuine
turn of force. In 1228 the cloister, top of the building,
are completed. Very few events will come to mark the remainder
of XIIIème century, the abbots follow one another,
all bring their mark in the construction of the Mount: to
replace the old palisade out of wooden, of the turns and
the ramparts are built, the home abbey are also built during
this period. At the beginning of XIVème century begins
One hundred Years the war known as. The abbey loses the
totality of its incomes coming from its English priories.
In 1356, the English seize Tombelaine and take for target
the Mount Saint Michael Mount. The knight Of Guesclin is named chief
of the garrison of the Mount. With the head of its troops
it gains victory over victory and moves away for several
years the English threat. Pierre Roy is elected abbot in
1386, conscious of the danger which the English represent,
it decides to build new defenses for the entry of the abbey.
The Perrine tower, the tower of Corbins and more particularly
Châtelet give to the entry of the monastery an insuperable
defense. The English after one period of respite take again
the offensive and, after the defeat of king de France with
Azincourt, plus nothing does not seem to be able to stop
them. Robert Jolivet the new abbot, organizes, thanks to
many taxes, the construction of the ramparts in order to
protect the city which becomes itself a protection for the
abbey. |
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As a far-sighted man, it
makes build a cistern to feed out of fresh water the monks,
the soldiers and the inhabitants of the Mount. When Rouen,
capital of Normandy falls to the hands from the English,
all the area except the Mount Saint Michael is occupied
by the English. In front of so much of power the abbot Robert
Jolivet gives up his monastery and proposes his services
with king d' Angleterre. In 1424, the English besiege the
Mount, but the assistance of the abbot is useless. It conceived
the defensive system of the city so well that nothing manages
to shake it. |
The Montois (name given to the inhabitants
of the Mount) manage even by some attacks flashes to discourage
the English. In 1425, after having undergone a defeat more
cuisante that the others, the English are folded up. |
After this victory, in spite of the threats which always
weigh on the area, the pilgrims tributary with the Mount
to pay homage has the ultimate defender of the kingdom:
the Mount Saint Michael archangel. In 1433, a fire devastates part
of the city, the English wanting to benefit from this
occasion gather their army and prepare the attack. In
1434, the English ruent themselves on the Mount the Mount Saint Michael,
a bloody battle follows themselves from there. The English
manage to make a breach in the rampart and penetrate in
the city by shouting victory already. Fortunately, the
captain of the Mount reorganizes his troops and counter-attacks
so strongly that the English escape by giving up two bombard.
The victory of the Montoises troops gives again confidence
with the French Armies and, on all the territory, the
English move back. The battle of Formigny, in 1450 will
bring finally peace to Normandy.
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History
1 - History 2 - Abbey
Church - Gothic Monastery - Roman
Monastery - List Abbots - Dates
Of Construction - The City - Free
From Sand - Legend Of Mont St Michel by Maupassant |